The gatekeeper of reality is
quantified imagination.
quantified imagination.
Ancient Assyrian/Babylonian Cuneiform
Carsen Neibuhr discovered that there were actually three classes of cuneiform[22] in the region being:
;) Three Cuneiform Classes[32] .:: Click Image For Larger Pic ::. Some History of Ancient Assyria/Babylonia: Babylonia is believed to be the oldest civilized country in Asia and was the center from which civilization spread into Assyria, to Asia Minor and Phoenicia and from those to Greece, Rome and what we know of as modern Europe[33]. Recorded from 1653 B.C. to 745 B.C., Assyria had over sixty different Kings - indicated in the King List (Khorsabad, Nassouhi, SDAS Lists)[9]. What remains of ancient Assyria is the northern part of Iraq. Some may be confused in thinking that "Syria" is the modern nation of "Assyria". Syria was, infact, a nation in Ancient Mesopotamia, separate from ancient Assyria and while ancient Assyria has evaporated as a nation, Syria still is a nation in the same geographic location as was in ancient times when looking at a modern map.
The Assyrians had many gods and goddesses (many carried over from the times of Ancient Sumeria) which are listed below:
Assyrian Empire established in 2126 B.C. according to Dr. Russell[1] (of additional interest may be the Catalogue of Assyrian Monarchs by Ctesias who concluded the monarchy continued for 520 years[2]). Ninus, King of Assyria (presumed first monarch) conquered Babylon in 2126 B.C. with the cooperation of the King of Arabia (Nabonnebus who's reign was from 2151 B.C. to 2126 B.C.) and ruled for 52 years[3]. It is worth noting that the King of Arabia (Nabonnebus) (the region of Saudi Arabia today was Arabia in Ancient Mesopotamia; Arabia associated to the sons of Chus[14] (Chus may be Cush)) was deposed and slain by Ninus (who was the son of Nimrod[14]) in 2126 B.C. after Babylon was conquered. Of interesting note is that Ninus was put to death sometime after Semiramis*, his wife and thus princess of Assyria, was given full power over all of Assyria[15] by him. Babylon becomes independant later in history and is conquered by Cyrus of Persia[7] in 538 B.C. and came to its own end in 331 B.C.[8] by Alexander the Great. Sennacherib, one of the Kings of Assyria, after getting tired of frequent uprisings to the south, actually went so far as destroying the city of Babylon and then flooding the entire city[21]. He also took possession of Phoenicia; restored to his throne Padiya (king of Ekron) who had been deposed and given over to Hezehiah, king of Jerusalem. Sennacherib then marched against Hezekiah and "Hezekiah, king of Judah, who had not submitted to my authority, forty-six of his principal cities and fortresses and villages depending upon them, of which I took no account, I captured and carried away their spoil. I shut up(?) himself within Jerusalem, his capital city. The fortified towns, and the rest of his towns, which I spoiled, I severed from his country, and gave to the kings of Ascalon, Ekron, and Gaza, so as to make his country small."[42] Sardanapalus was the last king of the first empire of the Assyrians and burns himself in his palace after reigning for twenty years. After this event (767 B.C.), Assyria was divided into three sections:[18]
Nineveh means "Fish Town" although some texts suggest the name "Nineveh" was derived from "Nina", the Babylonian fish goddess. Nineveh was the capital of Assyria (Asshur) and is near the modern city of Mosul. Nineveh contained two summits[6] (Tel Koyunjuk and Nebbi Yunus which means "the prophet Jonah"[19]) although today, after years of cultivation may not be seen as more than lengthy mounds. It would seem that the city of Babylon (in the land of Shinar[14]) was, at one point, the capital of Assyria as well[13]. Not much is known about what ancient Assyria produced prior to it conquering virtually ALL of Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. From what records do exist, it has been found that some of the products of Assyria include grain, wormwood, liquorice plant, carob, manna (gathered from the Dwarf Oak tree), citrons and silk (from a silkwood not found elsewhere), date-palm, gall-nut, pistachio-nut, filberts, qinces, plums, chestnuts, pears, apples, cherries, apricots and melons[10]. One of the forms of divination that was highly regarded in Babylonia and Assyria was astronomy and the association of gods to planets[25]:
Hepatoscopy (inspection of the liver, as by laparotomy or peritoneoscopy) which was used extensively in the region (the liver was considered divination; the only organ of life) spread to other nations such as Hittites north-central Angolia today as Turkey (the Hittites were noted to also be in Syria[42]), Greeks and Romans[24]. According to Berosus[4], from the record of the Chaldeans, wrote that the empire of Babylon endured for 432,000 years prior to the Great Deluge (or Flood) estimated to be 3185 B.C.[5] which would bring the beginning of the Babylonian empire to 435,185 B.C. Hammurabi's Code is possibly the oldest compilation of laws in the world (associated to the reign of Hammurapi 2123 B.C. - 2081 B.C.[30]) of which the prologue-corpus-epilogue convention used also appeared in Plato's dialogue "Laws"[27]. The stone (pictured below) that the Laws were found on is approximately 8 feet tall. ;) Hammurabi's Code[31] .:: Click Image For Larger Pic ::. Plato admired the manner of education given to future rulers of Assyrians and recommended it to the Greeks. At fourteen years of age the education begins and covers several parts (educated by four of the wisest and most virtuous men):
Both the Babylonians and Assyrians divided a full day into twelve double hours (based on the sexagesimal notational system)[26] which we've come to know as the 12 hours of A.M. and 12 hours of P.M.. What is interesting is that even today we keep track of time in the same manner (such as with watches, clocks and time kept on computers). The sexagesimal notational system is a BASE 60 system (we use the BASE 10 system today) With the BASE 10 system, we can count from zero to nine and then recycle the digits to the right of the last cycle such as (thanks Bahman for pointing this out):
With the sexagesimal system counting goes from one to sixty (one to six for simplicity here) and then recycles such as:
What is quite interesting, is that while we use BASE 10 for a lot of mathematics, we use the BASE 60 system for keeping of time - (2) 12 hour cycles in a day; 60 seconds in a minute; 60 minutes in one hour. In geometry we also use the standard that 360 degrees comprise a circle. As well, the sum of a square's angles equal 360 and a triangle is 1/2 of that or 180 degrees. Greece's first horoscopes were imitations of the Babylonian horoscopes[28]. The horoscopes are comprised of 12 different symbols and each symbol is a zodiac, where time in a given zodiac was 2,160 years which equates to 30 degrees (1 degree of aggression per 72 years). An interesting parallel is that, when you add up the total degrees between all 12 zodiacs, it equals 360 degrees...the number of degrees in a circle as defined in geometry. Pythagoras (570 B.C. - 500 B.C.) was the first Greek to become a disciple of Egyptian priests and decipher the Egyptian hieroglyphic. He was also captured in 525 B.C. by Cambyses (son of the King Cyrus of Persia) and sent to Babylon. What is perhaps most noteable, however, is that while in Babylon he was taught thier mathematics and science, and the right-angle theory that history has attributed him as having discovered (Pythagoras' Theorem) had, in reality, already been in use in the region of Babylon/Assyria for 1300 years[29]. Notes: * Semiramis, the wife of Ninus who was the King of Assyria (the son of Nimod) was born at Escalon, a city in Syria. It is believed that she issued the order to build the massive walls of Babylon[15], after Ninus was put to death. After she abdicated the throne of Assyria to her son, Ninyas, she was worshipped by the Assyrians under the form of a dove[16]. ** Noah, a Chaldean Monarch[35] at or near Surippak (port near the entrance of the Euphrates river into the Persian Gulf), was known under several names. Some of them were: (Adrahasis, Hasisadra, Xisithrus)[35]. *** English translators coined the name "Hitt-ite" from "Hiti" "Hit" of these Amorite people which were originally referred to as "Khati" or "Khatti" or "Kha-it-ti"[40]. The Hittites were of the Syrian region[42]. References: [1] Mesopotamia and Assyria  , Author: J. Baillie Fraser, Esq, Publisher: Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, Tweeddale Counter; Simpkin, Marshall & Company, London, Publication Year: 1869(?), p. 44.[2] Ancient Universal History , 8vo. London. 1747-1754, volume 4, p. 264-270.[3] Mesopotamia and Assyria , Author: J. Baillie Fraser, Esq, Publisher: Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, Tweeddale Counter; Simpkin, Marshall & Company, London, Publication Year: 1869(?), p. 47.[4] Ancient Fragments , Author: Isaac Preston Cory, 2nd Edition 8vo, London, Publication Year: 1832, p.30.[5] Mesopotamia and Assyria , Author: J. Baillie Fraser, Esq, Publisher: Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, Tweeddale Counter; Simpkin, Marshall & Company, London, Publication Year: 1869(?), p. 45.[6] Mesopotamia and Assyria , Author: J. Baillie Fraser, Esq, Publisher: Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, Tweeddale Counter; Simpkin, Marshall & Company, London, Publication Year: 1869(?), p. 165.[7] Missing Links Discovered In Assyrian Tablets , Author: E. Raymond Capt. M.A., A.I.A., F.S.A., Publisher: Artisan Sales, Publication Year: 1985, p.93.[8] Missing Links Discovered In Assyrian Tablets , Author: E. Raymond Capt. M.A., A.I.A., F.S.A., Publisher: Artisan Sales, Publication Year: 1985, p.233.[9] Missing Links Discovered In Assyrian Tablets , Author: E. Raymond Capt. M.A., A.I.A., F.S.A., Publisher: Artisan Sales, Publication Year: 1985, p.227.[10] The Seven Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World: Chaldea and Assyria , Author: George Rawlinson, M.A., Publisher: Gorgias Press, Publication Year: 2002.[11] Missing Links Discovered In Assyrian Tablets , Author: E. Raymond Capt. M.A., A.I.A., F.S.A., Publisher: Artisan Sales, Publication Year: 1985, p.22, 26, 37.[12] Google Maps, Release Year: 2007. [13] The Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians and Grecians , Publisher: American Book Exchange, Publication Year: 1880, p. 123.[14] The Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians and Grecians , Publisher: American Book Exchange, Publication Year: 1880, p. 124.[15] The Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians and Grecians , Publisher: American Book Exchange, Publication Year: 1880, p. 126.[16] The Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians and Grecians , Publisher: American Book Exchange, Publication Year: 1880, p. 129.[17] The Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians and Grecians , Publisher: American Book Exchange, Publication Year: 1880, p. 133.[18] The Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians and Grecians , Publisher: American Book Exchange, Publication Year: 1880, p. 568.[19] The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria , Author: Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D., Publisher: Philadelphia and London J.B. Lippincott Company, Publication Year: 1915, p.12.[20] The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria , Author: Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D., Publisher: Philadelphia and London J.B. Lippincott Company, Publication Year: 1915, p.21.[21] The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria , Author: Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D., Publisher: Philadelphia and London J.B. Lippincott Company, Publication Year: 1915, p.55.[22] The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria , Author: Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D., Publisher: Philadelphia and London J.B. Lippincott Company, Publication Year: 1915, p.65, Plate 20.[23] The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria , Author: Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D., Publisher: Philadelphia and London J.B. Lippincott Company, Publication Year: 1915, p.71.[24] The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria , Author: Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D., Publisher: Philadelphia and London J.B. Lippincott Company, Publication Year: 1915, p.257.[25] The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria , Author: Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D., Publisher: Philadelphia and London J.B. Lippincott Company, Publication Year: 1915, p.261.[26] The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria , Author: Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D., Publisher: Philadelphia and London J.B. Lippincott Company, Publication Year: 1915, p.496.[27] The Sumerian Roots of the American Preamble , Author: James T. Mcquire, Publisher: Lough Erne Press, Publication Year: 1994, p.57.[28] The Sumerian Roots of the American Preamble , Author: James T. Mcquire, Publisher: Lough Erne Press, Publication Year: 1994, p.69.[29] The Sumerian Roots of the American Preamble , Author: James T. Mcquire, Publisher: Lough Erne Press, Publication Year: 1994, p.70.[30] The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria , Author: Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D., Publisher: Philadelphia and London J.B. Lippincott Company, Publication Year: 1915, p.283.[31] The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria , Author: Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D., Publisher: Philadelphia and London J.B. Lippincott Company, Publication Year: 1915, Plate 34.[32] The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria , Author: Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D., Publisher: Philadelphia and London J.B. Lippincott Company, Publication Year: 1915, Plate 20.[33] The History of Babylonia , Author: George Smith, Esq.; Edited by A.H. Sayce, Publisher: Pott, Young & Company, Publication Year: Unknown, p.14, 15.[34] The History of Babylonia , Author: George Smith, Esq.; Edited by A.H. Sayce, Publisher: Pott, Young & Company, Publication Year: Unknown, p.36.[35] The History of Babylonia , Author: George Smith, Esq.; Edited by A.H. Sayce, Publisher: Pott, Young & Company, Publication Year: Unknown, p.37.[36] The History of Babylonia , Author: George Smith, Esq.; Edited by A.H. Sayce, Publisher: Pott, Young & Company, Publication Year: Unknown, p.68.[37] The History of Babylonia , Author: George Smith, Esq.; Edited by A.H. Sayce, Publisher: Pott, Young & Company, Publication Year: Unknown, p.114.[38] The History of Babylonia , Author: George Smith, Esq.; Edited by A.H. Sayce, Publisher: Pott, Young & Company, Publication Year: Unknown, p.130.[39] The Indo-Sumerian Seals Deciphered , Author: L.A. Waddell, LL.D., C.B., C.I.E., Publisher: Omni Publications, Publication Year: 1980 (1st Edition: 1925), p.34.[40] The Indo-Sumerian Seals Deciphered , Author: L.A. Waddell, LL.D., C.B., C.I.E., Publisher: Omni Publications, Publication Year: 1980 (1st Edition: 1925), p.106.[41] The Indo-Sumerian Seals Deciphered , Author: L.A. Waddell, LL.D., C.B., C.I.E., Publisher: Omni Publications, Publication Year: 1980 (1st Edition: 1925), p.87.[42] Museum of Antiquity Illustrated , Author: L.w. Yaggy, M.S., T.L. Haines, A.M., Publisher: Western Publishing House, Publication Year: 1881, p.431. |
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